Noble prize kya hota hai
Nobel Prize ek duniya ka sabse prestigious (maan-sammaan wala) award hota hai jo har saal un logon ko diya jaata hai jinhone apne field mein kuch zabardast kaam kiya ho. Ye prize alag-alag categories mein diya jaata hai jaise:
• Peace (shanti) – duniya mein shanti banaye rakhne ke liye kaam karne walon ko
• Literature (sahitya) – likhne ke field mein extraordinary kaam karne walon ko
• Physics, Chemistry, Medicine – science ke in areas mein bada yogdaan dene walon ko
• Economics – arthvyavastha (economy) ke field mein research aur development ke liye
Is prize ki shuruaat Alfred Nobel ne ki thi, jo ek Swedish scientist aur inventor the (unhone dynamite banaya tha). Unhone apni will (vasiyat) mein likha tha ki unke paise se ye award har saal diya jaye.
Jise Nobel Prize milta hai, usse medal, certificate aur kaafi acchi khaasi prize money bhi milti hai. Ye award duniya bhar ke logon ke liye inspiration hota hai.
Nobel Prize ki Shuruaat kaise hui?
Nobel Prize ki shuruaat ek interesting kahani se hui thi. Ye award Alfred Nobel naam ke ek Swedish scientist ne start kiya tha.
Alfred Nobel ne dynamite ka invention kiya tha, jiska use construction se leke war tak mein hota tha. Jab unki maut se kuch saal pehle, unke bhai ki death hui, toh galti se ek newspaper ne Alfred Nobel ka obituary (yaani maut ki khabar) chhap diya – jisme likha tha:“The merchant of death is dead.”(Yaani “maut ka saudagar mar gaya”).
Ye padhkar Alfred Nobel ko bada jhatka laga. Unhe realize hua ki log unhe ek aise insaan ke roop mein yaad rakhenge jisne tabahi machayi. Tab unhone decide kiya ki apni property ka bada hissa ek trust mein denge, jisse un logon ko award diya jaaye jo duniya ke bhale ke liye kaam kar rahe ho.
Unhone apni will (vasiyat) mein likh diya tha ki unki death ke baad har saal un areas mein award diya jaye:
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Medicine
• Literature
• Peace
Baad mein Economics ka award bhi add hua (ye unki death ke baad start hua).
Toh iss tarah se Nobel Prize ka foundation pada – ek insaan ne socha ki uski legacy sirf tod-phod nahi, balki duniya ki bhalai ke liye honi chahiye.
Kaun-kaun se Fields mein Nobel Prize milta hai?
Nobel Prize milna koi aam baat nahi hai – ye duniya ke sabse prestigious (izzatdaar) awards mein se ek hai. Lekin iska process kaafi interesting hota hai.
1. Nomination hoti hai
Aap khud apne liye apply nahi kar sakte. Kuch selected log hote hain – jaise professors, scientists, previous Nobel winners, etc. – jo kisi deserving insaan ka naam suggest karte hain.
2. Selection committee review karti hai:
Har category (jaise Physics, Peace, Literature, etc.) ke liye alag committee hoti hai. Ye log sab nominations ko detail mein study karte hain, research karte hain, aur decide karte hain ki kis kaam ka impact sabse bada aur meaningful hai.
3. Winners announce kiye jaate hain:
Har saal October ke aaspaas winners (jinhe “Laureates” kaha jaata hai) announce kiye jaate hain. Aur fir December mein unhe award diya jaata hai.
4. Award Ceremony (Samman Samaroh):
10 December ko, Alfred Nobel ki death anniversary ke din, ek royal ceremony hoti hai Sweden mein (except Peace Prize – wo Norway mein diya jaata hai).Winner ko milta hai:
• Ek Gold Medal
• Ek Certificate
• Aur ek badi amount ki prize money (karodon mein hoti hai!)
Important baat:
Nobel Prize sirf extraordinary kaam ke liye milta hai – aisa kaam jo duniya pe positive impact daale. Isliye ye award sirf genius logon ko nahi, balki un logon ko milta hai jo apni field mein duniya ko behtar banane ke liye kaam karte hain.Chahe wo scientist ho, author ho, doctor, ya peace activist – Nobel Prize un logon ko milta hai jo “extraordinary difference” create karte hain.
India se Nobel Prize Jeetne Waale Kuch Mahaan Naam
Nobel Prize duniya ka sabse prestigious award mana jaata hai. Har saal alag-alag fields jaise ki Shanti (Peace), Sahitya (Literature), Vigyan (Science), Aarthik Gyaan (Economics), aur Chikitsa (Medicine) mein diya jaata hai.
Bharat ke kuch logon ne apne kaam se duniya bhar mein naam roshan kiya hai. Aaiye jaante hain unke baare mein:
1. Rabindranath Tagore (1913 – Literature)
• Ye Bharat ke pehle Nobel Prize vijeta the.
• Unhe unki kavitaon aur likhai ke liye Nobel mila.
• Unka likha hua Gitanjali naam ka poetry collection kaafi mashhoor hai.
2. C. V. Raman (1930 – Physics)
• Unhone “Raman Effect” naam ki khoj ki jo roshni ke guno se judi hai.
• Ye Bharat ke pehle scientist the jinhone Physics mein Nobel jeeta.
3. Mother Teresa (1979 – Peace)
• Inka janm Yugoslavia mein hua tha, lekin inhone apna zyada kaam Bharat mein kiya.
• Unhone gareebon, bimaron aur asahay logon ki seva ki.
• Unhe unki insaniyat aur shanti ke liye Nobel Prize mila.
4. Amartya Sen (1998 – Economics)
• Ye ek arthashastri (economist) hain.
• Unhone garibi, bhukh aur vikas ke maamlo mein important research ki.
• Inka kaam poori duniya mein maana jaata hai.
5. Kailash Satyarthi (2014 – Peace)
• Inhone bachpan bachao andolan shuru kiya.
• Ye bachon ko majboori mein kaam karne se bachate hain.
• Inhone Malala Yousafzai ke saath milkar Nobel jeeta.
6. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (2009 – Chemistry)
• Ye Bharat mein paida hue, lekin kaam UK/USA mein kiya.
• Inhe unki ribosome structure par research ke liye Nobel mila.⸻
Extra Fun Fact:
• Mahatma Gandhi ko 5 baar Nobel Peace Prize ke liye nominate kiya gaya tha, lekin unhe kabhi nahi mila. Ye ab bhi ek controversial topic hai.⸻Aise mahaan logon par humein garv hai. Inki kahaniyaan humein inspire karti hain ki mehnat aur dedication se hum bhi kuch bada kar sakte hain.
2024 Noble prize winner list
Medicine (Physiology ya Medicine)
Victor Ambros & Gary Ruvkun
→ Inhone microRNAs ki khoj ki, jo genes ko control karte hain.-
2. Physics
John J. Hopfield & Geoffrey E. Hinton
→ Artificial Intelligence (AI) aur Neural Networks mein revolution laane ke liye mila Nobel Prize.–
3. Chemistry
David Baker, Demis Hassabis & John M. Jumper
→ AI ki madad se protein structure design aur prediction mein kaam karne ke liye sammanit kiya gaya.—
4. Literature
Han Kang (South Korea)
→ Unke likhne ka style, poetry aur human pain dikhane ke tareeke ke liye Nobel mila.—
5. Peace Prize
Nihon Hidankyo (Japan ka ek group)
→ Nuclear weapons khatam karne ke liye awareness aur shanti ka kaam karne par Nobel mila.—
6. Economic Sciences
Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson & James A. Robinson
→ Unhone research kiya ki kaise achhe institutions se desh tarakki karte hain. Inki famous book hai “Why Nations Fail”.
